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Windmills and water mills are truly the wonders of anearlier era, the wooden technology of yesteryear.To us, they may be graceful and charming relics. To thecolonists, however, they were a vital necessity. Colonialcraftsmen constructed them to mill grain, saw wood, pumpwater, and do various other jobs. Furthermore, the mill wasthe gathering place for the villagers. While they waited fortheir grain to be milled, the villagers exchanged news andgossip and stories. Millers were well respected not only fortheir mill’s output but also for their own weather forecasts,knowledge of engines and machines, and, of course,up-to-date news.Long Island is an ideal place for catching the steady windfrom the ocean and bays: 125 miles long, narrow―only20 miles across at its widest, and relatively flat. Thus, manywindmills were built here and still exist here, particularlyat the island’s east end. As a matter of fact, the south forkof eastern Long Island contains the greatest number ofsurviving windmills in the United States. Before 1700,Long Island also had many water mills, some of thempowered by the tide.