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This refractometer is the best way to measure salinity and specific gravity of aquarium water. This instrument is very affordable and can be used to monitor the conditions of reef tanks and saltwater aquariums. How to Use: Using the pipette that comes with this refractometer, place 1 to 2 drops of aquarium water onto the prism glass and close the plate cover. Once the drop of water are on the surface, the refractometer can accurately measure the light that is refracted through the water droplets. It uses a specific algorithm for measuring seawater. Look through the eyepiece and view the scale. The top part of the scale appears blue and the bottom part appears white. Take your reading at the intersection of these two colors. One side of the scale measures salinity and the other side measures specific gravity. Perfect Salinity Level for Aquarium: Usually a stable level of 35 ppt is ideal for most reef tanks and marine aquariums.. In different oceans the salinity will vary from from 5 ppt in the Northern Baltic Sea to 40 ppt in the Northern Red Sea. The level that you keep your aquarium at, should be determined by the type of animals that you keep in the tank. If you only have fish in your saltwater aquarium, you will need to maintain lower salinities, at levels of 29 ppt. This will exert less osmotic stress on your fish. Reef systems on the other hand will thrive with stable levels of 35-36 ppt. Maintaining your Refractometer: Ensure that the prism of your refractometer is clean by using a soft damp cloth. Wipe over the prism plate and cover after each use. Failure to clean the refractometer after each use will lead to inaccurate results and will damage the prism coating. This is an optical instrument that requires careful handling and correct storage. Do not immerse the instrument into any water, and do not expose to any corrosive and abrasive chemicals.