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The Sensorex submersible combination electrode has 3/4" male National Pipe Taper (NPT) pipe threads on each end for installing inline in pipes and water lines to monitor pH or oxidation reduction potential (ORP). The electrode is waterproof so it can be submersed in tanks, sewer lines, and other water testing applications. This combination electrode contains both the measuring half-cell and the reference half-cell to minimize electrostatic interference and provide consistent readings. It has a double-junction reference to protect against silver wire contamination and to help prevent clogging when testing dirty water and solutions with heavy metals or organic compounds. Its polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) body provides dimensional stability and resistance to heat, corrosives, and solvents, and is sealed and filled with an electrolyte solution gel for minimal maintenance. The electrode is available in pH models that have a measurement range of 0 to 14 pH, and in an ORP model that has a measurement range of +/-2,000mV. pH models are available with a spherical bulb sensor for general applications or a flat-surface sensor that resists abrasion. ORP models have solid platinum rod sensors for more reliable readings than plated platinum sensors. The electrode withstands temperatures up to 75 degrees C (167 degrees F) at pressures up to 100 pounds per square inch gauge (psig), temperatures up to 80 degrees C (176 degrees F) at pressures up to 85 psig, and temperatures up to 100 degrees C (212 degrees F) at pressures up to 100 psig. It is 193.8mm long with a 16.5mm diameter at the sensor, and has a 10-foot cable with a Bayonet Neill-Concelman (BNC) connector for attaching to meters with a BNC connection. pH electrodes measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. ORP electrodes, also known as redox electrodes, measure the ability of aqueous solutions to act as oxidizing or reducing agents. Both pH and ORP electrodes are commonly used by researchers, manufacturers, and hobbyists in hydroponics, aquaculture, agriculture, and winemaking, among other applications. An electrode, also called a sensor or probe, is an instrument used with a meter to test and measure parameters of a substance. All electrodes are probes or sensors, but not all probes are electrodes or sensors. Probes, such as temperature probes, are used to penetrate a material for measurement. Common electrode types are pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), oxidation reduction potential (ORP), and ion selective electrode (ISE). They come in standard models or in all-in-one (sometimes called 3-in-1) models, which have a built-in temperature sensor for automatic temperature compensation (ATC). Electrodes can be half-cell or full- (also called combination) cell type. They can be refillable or non-refillable. Housing material is typically glass or epoxy, and sensors are commonly made with stainless steel or a glass bulb. pH electrodes, which measure the pH of a substance, often have a glass bulb. The bulb senses hydrogen ions, and generates a millivoltage that is picked up by the filling solution and transferred to a wire that connects to the pH meter. ORP, also known as redox, electrodes measure dissolved oxygen in aqueous solutions to determine the level of contaminants and their ability to act as oxidizing or reducing agents. Ion selective electrodes (ISEs) respond selectively to ions in the presence of other ions. Electrodes are commonly used by researchers, manufacturers, and hobbyists in a wide variety of industries, such as aquaculture, agriculture, chemistry, food and beverage, wine-making and water-testing, and for scientific applications. An electrode can be used with a datalogger to assist in temperature measurement. Sensorex manufactures pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and conductivity sensors, as well as other analytical sensors and accessories. The company, founded in 1972 and headquartered in Garden Grove, CA, meets International Organization for Standardization (