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Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS XR Fundamentals Cisco IOS XR FundamentalsIntroductionThis book is intended to provide a reference to users who plan or have implemented Cisco IOS XR software in the network. Cisco IOS XR Fundamentals provides an overview of IOS XR operation system infrastructure and hardware architecture on the Carrier Routing System. The intention of this book is to provide general networking topics in IOS XR that service providers may implement in the core network. It is not feasible to cover every aspect of IOS XR; however, the key configurations have been explained that are typically deployed in core networks.Who Should Read This Book?Readers who have a relatively strong working knowledge of Cisco IOS Software and routing protocols will benefit from the discussions and configuration examples presented.How This Book Is OrganizedAlthough this book could be read cover to cover, it is designed to provide a configuration overview on Cisco IOS XR to support implementation configuration and features in IOS XR. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the evolution of operating systems and an understanding of the underlying QNX operating system. Chapters 2 through 12 are the core chapters and can be covered in order. If you do intend to read them all, the order in the book is an excellent sequence to use.Chapters 1 through 12 cover the following topics:Chapter 1, “Introducing Cisco IOS XR”: This chapter discusses the evolution of network operating systems in service provider enviroments. It is important to understand the goals and requirement of service providers that influenced the goals of IOS XR.Chapter 2, “Cisco IOS XR Infrastructure”: This chapter discusses the interworkings of IOS XR. It helps you understand IOS XR microkernel architecture, process scheduling, interprocess communications, system database, and distributed services.Chapter 3, “Installing Cisco IOS XR”: This chapter discusses various procedures for installing IOS XR on the Carrier Routing System.Chapter 4, “Configuration Management”: This chapter provides a deeper insight into how IOS XR is different when configuring interfaces, out of band management, and features such as rollback and commit commands. Understanding these features will help you better manage the system.Chapter 5, “Cisco IOS XR Monitoring and Operations”: This chapter explores how monitoring works in IOS XR. As IOS XR operates as a real-time operating system, there are monitoring tools that provide deeper inspection of activities on the system.Chapter 6, “Cisco IOS XR Security”: This chapter examines inherent policers that provide a layer of security within the operating system. The importance of Local Packet Transport System (LPTS) is discussed.Chapter 7, “Routing IGP”: This chapter covers the basics of routing protocol configurations. It provides configuration examples to show how IGP features are configured in IOS XR.Chapter 8, “Implementing BGP in Cisco IOS XR”: This chapter introduces the IOS XR implementation of BGP. This chapter assumes that you have prior experince and knowledge of the BGP protocol and focuses on unique aspects of IOS XR BGP configuration. This chapter also provides details on Routing Policy Language as a vehicle for implementing BGP routing policies.Chapter 9, “Cisco IOS XR MPLS Architecture”: This chapter discusses Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), an important technology for building converged network infrastructure and services. This chapter assumes that you are familiar with MPLS protocols and operations. This chapter discusses IOS XR MPLS architecture, features, implementation, and configuration. It covers LDP, Layer 3 VPN, VPWS, VPLS, and MPLS Traffic Engineering.Chapter 10, “Cisco IOS XR Multicast”: This chapter discusses when to use queuing and which queuing technique to use. This chapter also examines Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ), Custom Queuing, and Priority Queuing and addresses the need for compression in