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SuperFly Bonsai's All Purpose Bonsai Mix This mix is the most commonly used and accepted mix by bonsai professionals around the world. Here in the United States it is known as "Boons Mix" after Boon Manakitivipart who pushed the mix to promote better bonsai tree health in America. Is It Dirt? No. Bonsai trees do not like "dirt" and will in most cases die if left in dirt over long periods of time. This is substrate. What Is In It? The primary components are Akadama, Pumice and Black Lava. We also added a bit of Horticultural Charcoal and Haydite. These components have been found over time to provide the best drainage, water retention, nutrient retention and air circulation possible to promote healthy bonsai. - 1/3 Japanese Hard Akadama - is a clay like component that is excellent at retaining water and it breaks down allowing roots to grown in it's place. - 1/3 Japanese Hyuga Pumice - is a volcanic byproduct that is excellent at retaining water and nutrients. - 1/3 USA Black Lava Rock - is also a volcanic byproduct that is excellent at retaining moisture. Black lave also adds structure to the soil. - Horticultural Charcoal -This was added to harbor beneficial bacteria and add humic acid in the soil. - Haydite - (expanded shale) has the ability to absorb excess water then release it slowly back to the roots. How Do I Use It? This is "real" bonsai soil. Be sure your bonsai pot has holes in the bottom covered by bonsai mesh. Each micro climate may require different amounts of water. On very hot/dry days you may need to water two/three times while around freezing you may need to water every week or two. Push your finger 1" into the soil and feel for moisture. If it is dry, it is time to water. 2.5 Qt = @ 12 Cups 1.25Qt = @ 6 Cups