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Methyl orange: Widely used pH indicator in titration for its distinct color changes at different pH values
Color variance: Red in acidic medium, yellow in basic medium
Utilization: Ideal for titrating strong acids with weak bases, reaching equivalence point at pH 3.1-4.4
Color transition: Moves from red to orange to yellow in decreasing acidity, and reverses in increasing acidity
Methyl orange serves as a commonly employed pH indicator, particularly favored in titration due to its distinct color transformation at varying pH levels. In an acidic environment, it displays a vivid red hue, while in a basic solution, it manifests a bright yellow color. Its utility lies in its color change at the pKa of a moderately strong acid, making it suitable for titration scenarios involving strong acids and weak bases, reaching the equivalence point within a pH range of 3.1-4.4. Unlike a universal indicator, methyl orange does not offer a comprehensive spectrum of color changes; however, it boasts a sharp endpoint. As the acidity of a solution diminishes, methyl orange transitions from red to orange, eventually culminating in yellow, with the reverse progression occurring as the solution becomes more acidic. This color transition from yellow to red stems from the interaction of protons in the acidic solution with the N=N bond of the molecule, resulting in the protonation of one bond and altering the molecule's light absorption properties to reflect more red light compared to orange or yellow. In summary, methyl orange appears reddish in an acidic milieu and yellow in an alkaline environment, offering a clear visual indication of pH levels. At 25°C (77°F), it exhibits a pKa of 3.47 in water.