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The unique preparation Mexidol development history cannot be ordinary. It begins with the award to the great Russian scientist Nikolay Nikolayevich Semenov and Cyril Hinshelwood in 1956 of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry “For Research in the Mechanism of Chemical Reactions”. Understanding the mechanisms of free radicals formation has served as a basis for the creation of the tissue ischemia control concept and the development of antioxidant and antihypoxant activity preparations. In the early 1980s, L.D. Smirnov and V.I. Kuzmin of the State Institution “Research Institute of Pharmacology” of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, made a breakthrough in the history of domestic neuroprotection – 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate was synthesized. Under the guidance of academician A.V. Waldman of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences its pharmacological effects were revealed, the mechanism of action was studied, preclinical toxicology and pharmacokinetics studies were performed, the trademark Mexidol was determined, the preparation was registered in the USSR Ministry of Health, the first clinical trials were carried out and the preparation was introduced into medical practice. For the development and introduction of Mexidol into clinical practice, a group of specialists in 2003 was awarded the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation “For the Development and Introduction into Medical Practice of Antioxidant Preparations for Treatment and Prevention of Cerebrovascular Diseases” (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 112 dated 18.02.2003 “On Awarding Prizes of the Government of the Russian Federation in Science and Technology 2002”).