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This Coin highlights a pivotal moment in the history of Christianity: when the Virgin Mary is acknowledged not just as the mother of Jesus, but as the Mother of God. Christianity did not wipe out pagan beliefs as much as it assimilated them into the new religion. Worship of various local gods & goddesses continued in modified form as veneration of the saints. No saint was venerated more than Mary, the Virgin Mother of Jesus Christ. Her cult was relatively small until the reign of the Emperor Arcadius (A.D. 395-408). His eldest daughter Pulcheria dedicated herself to Mary at a young age, inspiring her father to build a number of churches dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Their enthusiastic involvement with Marian veneration transformed what was a fledgling cult into arguably the most popular in Christendom. Pulcheria spearheaded the movement to proclaim Mary as the Mother of God (as opposed to just the mother of the human Jesus), which was formally achieved at the Council of Ephesos. Arcadius, for his part, conceded to his daughter's every request, & was thus the earliest & most influential Marian benefactors. Without Arcadius, Mary may never have become the Madonna, & would not have the prominence she now enjoys. This is a genuine ancient bronze coin from the reign of the Eastern Roman Emperor Arcadius (A.D. 395-408), son of Theodosius the Great, the last man to rule both the Eastern & Western halves of the empire. As such, Arcadius is considered by some to be the first Byzantine emperor. This duality is reflected in his coinage; some portraits are in profile, in the Roman style, while others feature the emperor's face to the front, a Byzantine innovation. COIN: Bronze coin of Roman Emperor Arcadius Weight: 0.7-2.5g Diameter: 11.5-18.5mm Obverse: Bust facing or sideways Reverse: Various